The objective of this research is to answer the question: How much progress have South American countries made in the implementation of equal opportunity policies within the Armed Forces? To this end, the study was approached from the perspective of gender equity, reviewing the state of the question through the increase in the incorporation of women into military institutions in the region. However, a historical-quantitative analysis is insufficient for this approach. For this purpose, it was complemented with a qualitative analysis that allows us to analyze specific public policies applied in this field to generate equal opportunities and to visualize the situation of women within military institutions in South America. Finally, it is necessary to clarify that the field of study of the South American countries chosen excludes Suriname, Guyana and French Guyana because it is understood that their cultural and historical identification with the region has been scarce or even nonexistent if we approach it from the specific field of defense.
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This paper analyzes the international and national regulations concerning the evolution in the world and in the Oriental Republic of Uruguay of gender equity, the elimination of discrimination against women, as well as the promotion and protection of the rights that the female gender has been forging, especially in the fields of security and defense. A brief review is made of women's participation in these areas, past and present, and of the process of inclusion in the Uruguayan Armed and Police Forces, concluding with some suggestions of what remains to be done to continue with the work of achieving full equality of roles and functions in society between men and women.
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This paper was presented at the Fundación CiudadanÃa y Valores (FUNCIVA) in Madrid, Spain, February 11, 2010.
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